Consider cmake, for instance if you are using brew and haven’t installed the AArch64 native version and changed your paths, you’ll be getting the cmake from /usr/local/bin which is an x86_64 image. So… because we used emacs (which is not yet native), we end up with an x86_64 compiler.īut, before you blame emacs, consider that other tools may also not yet be available in AArch64 native form, and that even when they are you need to set up your environment to ensure that you find the right one. And, that version of the compiler defaults to compiling for the x86_64 target.
Thus, if our shell is running in x86_64 emulation, when we start the compiler (which is a universal binary, remember), the embedded x86_64 executable will be executed. To make things work more easily for the x86_64 emulated environment, the standard behaviour of MacOS is to maintain the existing process’ architecture at an exec call if possible. In general, a “fat binary” like this could support many more architectures, but the case of interest here is just these two.Īpple utilities, such as the compilers that come with the XCode command line tools, are distributed in this way, so a single executable image found in your $PATH may contain both versions of the tool.Īside from that (which we’ll see below can be confusing!) the environment is the normal, MacOS “Big Sur” one. To allow a single executable image (or runtime library) to run natively on either architecture, the OS (and associated tools) support “universal-binaries” thus a single file can contain both the code required for the AArch64 architecture and also that required for the x86_64 one. That is a good thing since it means we have a useful environment without changing or recompiling any code, but a bad one in terms of potential confusion. The presence of this emulator means that x86_64 native executables can run on this machine without any change. To allow machines built with this processor to run code which was built for the x86_64 architecture, MacOS (in the “Big Sur” and later releases) supplies an x86_64 binary translation emulator (“Rosetta-2”). The Apple M1 is an Apple implementation of an Arm 64-bit ( AArch64 ) architecture processor.
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